In this example,look at Biggin VOR...There is a holding turn.
I wonder something...Let's say I perfectly follow the chart with attitude,and instead going to 7000feet, I intercepted Biggin at 3000 feet or 3500 feet,in case I dont wanna do holding turn.
-Do I still have to do that turn if there is no Center or Approach online to vector me? Or can skip to approach mode at that height?
And,a real experience I had...
http://www.ead.eurocontrol.int/eadbasic ... -05-06.pdf
Today,I did a testing flight with DH106 Comet from EHAM to EGSS,with my friend...online. Followed the fixes roughly,with only using VORNAV...And,i intercepted Clactone at 285 instead 290 (couldnt navi thru LOGAN accurately)...Then turned right heading 298 and when DME showed close to 23 miles,I noticed I just catched FL80...As it was not controlled airspace then,I decided to do holding turn lol...But,a fact that in these old planes it is really hard to follow the charts manually lol. I noticed I was very outta the normal holding route
...What I mean is,when I followed the turn and saw the DME again at 22.7s,I show now the VORheading is at 320s instead normal one,298! 
http://www.ead.eurocontrol.int/eadbasic ... -07-01.pdf
Then,followed this chart,and landed with ILS...
Ok,my questions
-Are the holding turns mandatory? Instead descending to 4000feet at ABBOT from CLN and directly following approach instead FL80---FL140 limit?
-In 1950s,weren't there lo-hi airways with many fixes? How did they follow the fixes with only using RNAV only (even no INS)? (I try doing it but it is damn hard and not accurate mostly) Only VOR/NDB NAV? Then,how did these transatlantic flights happened when there are strong winds and magnetic issues over ocean? They flew straight?
Well,as I am also a classic plane enthusiast like you all,I wanna combine this to online pro flights but want to be sure if I am on true way...
Thanks from now
